摘要: 人们对神经系统中的凋亡，特别是对凋亡与神经系统疾病的关系认识较晚〔1〕。近年发现，细胞凋亡不仅发生于胚胎发生和正常发育过程中，而且也出现于病理情况下。在神经系统，肿瘤、癫痫、缺血、外伤以及Alzheimer病、巴金森病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化等神经退行性变时均有细胞凋亡的参与，探究其分子和遗传学机制，可使人们从一......
赵文清 河北医科大学第四附属医院神经外科
参考文献
1 Tymianski M, Tator CH.Normal and abnormal calcium homeostasis in neurons:A basis for the pathophysiology of traumatic and ischemic central nervous system injury.Neurosurgery，1996；38：1176
2 Johnson Em, Greenlund LS, Akins PT et al.Neuoral apoptosis:Current understanding of molecular mechanisms and potential role in ischemic brain injury.J Neurotrauma，1995；12：843
3 Posner A, Raser KJ, Hajimohammadreza I et al.Aurintricarboxylic acid is an inhibitor of mu-and m-calpain.Biochem Mol Biol Int，1995；36：291
4 Bonfoco E, Krainc D, Ankarcona M et al.Apoptosis and necrosis: Two distinct events induced, respectively, by mind and intense insults with N-methy-D-assoartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures.Proc Narl Acad Sci USA，1995；92：7162
5 Li Y, Chopp M, Jiang N et al.Temporal profile of in situ DNA fragmentation after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.J cereb Blood Flow Metab，1995；15：389
6 Li Y, Chopp M ,Jiang N et al.Indyction of DNA fragmentation after 10 to120 mintutes of focal cerebral is chemia in rats.Stroke，1995；26：1252
7 Rink A, Fung KM, Trojanowski JQ et al.Evidence of apoptotic cell death after experimental traumatic brain injury in the rat.Am J Pathol，1995；147：1575
8 Morrison RS, Wenzel HJ, Kinoshita Y et al.Loss of the p53 tumor suppressor gene protects neurons from kainate-induced cell death.J Neurosci，1996；16：1337
9 Anderson AJ, Pike CJ, Cotman CW.Differential induction of immediate early gene proteins in cultured neurons by β-amyloid(Aβ):Association of c-Jun with Aβ-induced apoptosis.J Neurochem，1995；65：1487
10 Le WD,Colom LV, Xie Wj et al.Cell death induced by β-amyloid 1～40 in mES 23.5 hybrid clone:The role of nitric oxide and NMDA channel activation leading to apoptosis.Brain Res，1995；686：49
11 Kokunai T, Sawa H, Tamaki N et al.Localizaation of apoptotic cells in situ of brain tumors.Brain Tumor Pathol，1995；12：15
12 Nakagawa S, Shiraishi T, Kihara S et al.Detection of DNA strand breaks associated with apoptosis in human brain tumors.Virchows Arch，1995；427：175
13 Patsouris E, Davaki P, Kapranos N et al.A sutdy of apoptosis in vrain tumors by in situ end-labeling methods.Clin Neuropathol，1996；15：337
14 Hoehner J, Hedborg F, Wilklund H et al.Cellular death in neuroblastoma:In situ correlation of apoptosis and bcl-2 expression.Int Cancer，1995；62：19
15 Boger O, Huang HJ, Cavenee WK.Loss if wild-type p53 bestows a growth advantage on primary cortical astrocytes and facilitates in vitro transformation.Cancer Res，1995；55：2746
16 Ellison D, Steart P, Gatter K et al.Apoptosis in cerebral astrocytic tumors and its relationship to expression of the bcl-2 and p53 proteins.Neuropathol Appl Neurogiol，1995；21：352
17 Linnik MD, Zahos P, Geschwind MD et al.Expression of bcl-2 from a defective herpes simplex virus-1 vector limits neuronal death in focal cerebral ischemia.Stroke，1995；26：1670
18 Calrk MF, Apel IJ, Benedict MA et al.A recombinant bcl-xs adenovirus selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal bone marrow cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA，1995；92：11024
19 Yuan J, Horvitz R.The caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene ced-4 encodes a novel protein and is expressed during the period of extensive programmed cell death.Development，1992；116：309
