New Guidelines on Hospital Infections

摘要：Hospitals, nursing homes, and other facilities have known for years that health workers often spread the superbugs between patients on their hands and medical equipment。 The New England Journal of Medicine, Feb。...

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Oct. 19, 2006 -- Federal officials today released new guidelines urging U.S. health care facilities to step up efforts to control drug-resistant infections.

The recommendations come amid rising rates of in-hospital infections with bacteria resistant to standard antibiotics.

Hospitals, nursing homes, and other facilities have known for years that health workers often spread the superbugs between patients on their hands and medical equipment.

About 5% to 10% of patients admitted to hospitals acquire one or more infections during their stay.

Experts warn that resistant bacteria force doctors to use stronger -- sometimes more toxic --antibiotics to quell infections.

Rates of resistance to the antibiotic methicillin rose from just 2% of common Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in 1972 to 63% in 2004, according to the CDC, which issued the guidelines.

The guidelines urge hospitals and other facilities to prioritize control efforts and to do more to monitor infection rates among patients.

"What we're asking today is simple but not easily achieved," says CDC official John Jernigan.

Infectious disease experts blame overprescribing of antibiotics as the major cause of drug- resistant infections.

Antibiotics are often given preventatively or when doctors suspect an infection.

But the drugs are useless against viral illnesses like fluflu, and overuse breeds stronger and stronger generations of potentially dangerous bacteria.

The CDC guidelines call on hospitals to educate doctors and nurses to use antibiotics conservatively.

Other suggestions are surprisingly basic. Doctors, nurses, and orderlies should be trained to wash their hands every time they enter a patient's room to minimize the risk of transmitting pathogens from other patients, they state.

But experts warn that modifying health practices and policies in thousands of U.S. health care facilities requires a cultural shift.

发布日期：2006-10-21

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